The paper gives examples of different manners in which performance-based earthquake engineering can be implemented into practice. The nature and effects of the many uncertainties that apply to the prediction and description of ground motions, system response, physical damage, and loss are described. This paper reviews the evolution of performance-based earthquake engineering, discusses the notion of performance and its description, and describes a recently developed framework for performance evaluation. Performance-based earthquake engineering requires the integrated, collaborative efforts of several groups of earthquake professionals, including geotechnical engineers as such, it will affect the practice of geotechnical engineering in seismically active areas. Most recently, advances have come through the development of performance-based earthquake engineering, which seeks to predict the seismic performance of structures and facilities in ways that are useful to a wide variety of stakeholders. Great advances have been made over the 40-some years in which geotechnical engineers have actively been involved in the practice of earthquake engineering.
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